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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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Breaking the Wheel, Credibility, and Hermeneutical Injustice: A Response to Harris.

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Deepfakes, Fake Barns, and Knowledge from Videos.

Taylor Matthews1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.

Synthese
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Deepfakes, AI-generated videos, pose an epistemic risk similar to fake barn cases. Virtue epistemology faces challenges in verifying knowledge from online videos due to deepfakes.

Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Philosophy of Technology

Background:

  • Advancements in AI have enabled sophisticated video manipulation, leading to the creation of deepfakes.
  • Deepfakes are AI-generated videos that falsely depict individuals saying or doing things they never did.
  • Traditional fake barn cases in epistemology present a long-standing challenge for understanding knowledge acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a close structural relationship between deepfakes and traditional fake barn cases.
  • To assess the epistemic risk posed by deepfakes and its implications for virtue epistemology.
  • To explore how virtue-theoretic accounts of knowledge can address the challenge of deepfakes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of deepfakes and fake barn cases in epistemology.
Keywords:
Cognitive abilityDeepfakesEnvironmental luckEpistemic riskKnowledge

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  • Examination of Duncan Pritchard's anti-risk virtue epistemology in the context of deepfakes.
  • Evaluation of alternative virtue-theoretic approaches for knowledge from digital videos.

    • Main Results:

    • Deepfakes generate an epistemic risk analogous to that of traditional fake barn cases.
    • Pritchard's virtue epistemology, while effective for barn cases, leads to skepticism about knowledge from online videos with deepfakes.
    • Alternative virtue-theoretic approaches may offer solutions for validating knowledge from video evidence.

    Conclusions:

    • Deepfakes present a significant epistemic challenge, particularly for virtue epistemology.
    • Current virtue-theoretic accounts may require revision to adequately address knowledge acquisition in the age of AI-driven misinformation.
    • Further research into virtue epistemology is needed to reconcile our reliance on digital media with the need for reliable knowledge.