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Association mapping for broomrape resistance in sunflower.

Álvaro Calderón-González¹, Begoña Pérez-Vich¹, Nicolas Pouilly²

¹Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|January 30, 2023

Summary

This study used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to find new genes for sunflower resistance to the parasitic broomrape weed. Key resistance QTLs were identified on multiple chromosomes, including SWEET genes on chromosome 3.

Keywords:

Orobanche cumana broomrape resistance candidate genes genome-wide association mapping (GWAS)parasitic plants

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics and breeding
Agricultural science
Molecular biology

Background:

Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a destructive parasitic weed.
Developing resistant sunflower varieties is crucial for crop protection.
Identifying novel resistance genes is essential for breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with broomrape resistance in sunflower.
To discover novel genetic markers linked to resistance against different virulence races of Orobanche cumana.

Main Methods:

A germplasm set of 104 sunflower accessions was genotyped using a 600k AXIOM® genome-wide array.
Phenotypic evaluation of resistance to three Orobanche cumana races (EFR, FGV, GTK) was performed in two environments.
Statistical analyses, including General Linear Model (GLM) and Mixed Linear Model (MLM), were applied to identify marker-trait associations.

Main Results:

Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers significantly associated with broomrape resistance were detected.
The highest concentration of associations was found on chromosome 3, with additional markers on chromosomes 5, 10, 13, and 16.
Two significant SNPs on chromosome 3, linked to SWEET sugar transporter genes, were associated with resistance to Orobanche cumana races EFR and FGV.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed known QTLs and identified novel QTLs conferring resistance to sunflower broomrape.
The identified SWEET genes represent promising candidates for developing durable broomrape resistance in sunflower breeding.
These findings contribute to understanding the genetic basis of sunflower-broomrape interactions and breeding for resistance.