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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level
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Cavitation in a soft porous material.

Yu Leng1, Pavlos P Vlachos1, Ruben Juanes2

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

PNAS Nexus
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The deformability of porous media affects cavitation bubble dynamics. This study develops a model showing that porous medium elasticity slows bubble collapse and expansion, impacting phenomena like drug delivery.

Keywords:
bubble collapsecavitationporoelasticporous medium

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Porous Media Physics

Background:

  • Cavitation bubbles are crucial in various physical and biological processes.
  • Understanding bubble dynamics in complex media like porous materials is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the collapse and expansion of cavitation bubbles in deformable porous media.
  • To investigate the influence of porous medium elasticity on bubble dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a continuum-scale model coupling fluid flow and solid skeleton elasticity.
  • Reduced the model to an ordinary differential equation extending the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.
  • Analyzed the effects of finite-size and medium deformability on bubble radius-time scaling.

Main Results:

  • The extended Rayleigh-Plesset equation accounts for bubble dynamics in soft porous media.
  • Finite-size effects disrupt universal scaling relations for bubble radius and time.
  • Porous medium deformability significantly slows down bubble collapse and expansion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides insights into bubble behavior in deformable porous materials.
  • Slower bubble dynamics due to medium elasticity have implications for applications like drug delivery and spore dispersion.