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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

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Published on: September 27, 2017

Atopic dermatitis across the life course.

Katrina Abuabara¹, Sinéad M Langan²

¹Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.

The British Journal of Dermatology

|January 30, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) patterns vary by age, with peaks in infancy and older adulthood. Genetics and parental history predict persistent disease, but prevention strategies show limited long-term benefits.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Epidemiology

Background:

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition with variable disease activity across age groups.
Prevalence and incidence are highest in infancy and early childhood, with a secondary peak in older adulthood.
European birth cohort studies identify distinct patient subgroups: early-onset persistent, early-onset resolving, and later-onset disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the varying patterns of atopic dermatitis disease activity across different age groups.
To identify predictors of disease persistence.
To evaluate the effectiveness of potential preventive measures.

Main Methods:

Analysis of birth cohort studies from European countries.
Identification of patient subgroups based on disease onset and duration.
Review of studies on predictive factors and preventive interventions.

Main Results:

Parental history of atopy and genetic factors are consistent predictors of persistent atopic dermatitis.
Early-onset persistent, early-onset resolving, and later-onset disease subgroups have been identified.
Preventive measures like breastfeeding, probiotics, and emollients lack consistent long-term benefits in randomized trials.

Conclusions:

Atopic dermatitis exhibits distinct age-related patterns and predictors of persistence.
Current preventive strategies demonstrate limited efficacy for long-term disease control.
Future research should explore disease activity beyond early adulthood and long-term treatment effects.