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This study shows that speech analysis, particularly the narrative recall task, can effectively detect subtle cognitive changes in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). These speech alterations are often missed by standard cognitive tests.

Keywords:
ROC analysis (receiver operating characteristics)Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)automatic speech recognition technology (ASR)narrative recallpersonal narrative

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) frequently involves subtle cognitive difficulties impacting daily life, often undetected by standard assessments.
  • Speech analysis using automatic speech recognition (ASR) is an underutilized method for identifying early cognitive changes in MS.
  • Current diagnostic approaches may not capture the full spectrum of cognitive impairment in RRMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of speech analysis, specifically narrative tasks, for detecting subtle cognitive alterations in individuals with RRMS.
  • To compare the diagnostic value of narrative recall and personal narrative tasks in identifying cognitive changes associated with RRMS.
  • To explore the relationship between speech parameters, cognitive function (information processing speed, memory, fluency), and RRMS.

Main Methods:

  • Employed automatic speech recognition technology to analyze speech patterns from two narrative tasks: narrative recall and personal narrative.
  • Assessed cognitive functions including information processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, and naming skills in 21 RRMS patients and 21 healthy controls.
  • Measured speech parameters such as articulation, speech rate, and pause characteristics (silent and filled).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in temporal speech parameters were observed between the RRMS group and controls, and across different speech tasks.
  • The narrative recall task demonstrated high classification accuracy (0.877 and 0.866) in distinguishing between groups, while the personal narrative task showed lower accuracy (0.617 and 0.592).
  • Information processing speed influenced speech in the RRMS group, suggesting a link between cognitive load and speech alterations.

Conclusions:

  • The narrative recall task shows promise as an effective tool for detecting subtle cognitive changes in individuals with RRMS.
  • Speech analysis, particularly using cognitively demanding tasks, can complement traditional cognitive assessments in MS research and potentially clinical practice.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and integrate speech-based assessments into routine MS care.