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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition.

Roshni Pushpa Nischal1, Marlene Behrmann1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Developmental Science
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Holistic processing (HP) for words develops with age and reading proficiency. Children show less HP for words than adults, indicating experience-dependent visual tuning.

Keywords:
developmental trajectoryholistic processingreadingword recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Holistic processing (HP) is crucial for face recognition, involving simultaneous perception of parts and their relations.
  • HP emerges developmentally and is evidenced by orientation effects and sensitivity to spatial configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental emergence of HP in visual word processing.
  • To determine if HP for words is linked to age, reading proficiency, and general visual perception.

Main Methods:

  • A lexical decision task was administered to children, adolescents, and adults.
  • Two HP signatures were adapted: upright-inverted word advantage and reduced sensitivity to word length.
  • An object decision task assessed general visual perception to control for developmental improvements.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited a smaller upright-inversion advantage and greater word length effects compared to older groups.
  • Performance on HP indices strongly correlated with age and reading proficiency.
  • No group differences in the object decision task indicated HP emergence is specific to visual perception domains like word recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Holistic processing for visual word recognition emerges developmentally and is experience-dependent.
  • This emergence is linked to reading acquisition, not general visual maturation.
  • Findings support common mechanisms underlying face and word recognition.