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Cardiovascular Complications of Down Syndrome: Scoping Review and Expert Consensus

Konstantinos Dimopoulos1,2, Andrew Constantine1,2, Paul Clift3

  • 1Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.D., A.C.).

Circulation
|January 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Individuals with Down syndrome face significant cardiovascular risks, primarily from congenital heart disease. Addressing these risks and care disparities is crucial for improving health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of illness and death in people with Down syndrome.
  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 50% of this population, leading to adverse outcomes.
  • Other contributing factors include pulmonary hypertension, related diseases, and atherosclerosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, prevalence, and management of CVD in individuals with Down syndrome.
  • To summarize evidence across 10 key areas, from prenatal diagnosis to care disparities.
  • To highlight the need for awareness of best clinical practices among clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Down syndrome and cardiac disease.
  • Synthesis of evidence across diverse clinical aspects.
  • Analysis of disparities in cardiovascular care.

Main Results:

  • Congenital heart disease is highly prevalent and impacts outcomes.
  • Pulmonary hypertension and other comorbidities exacerbate CVD risks.
  • Significant disparities exist in cardiovascular care, often overlooked.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of CVD risks and management is essential for Down syndrome patients.
  • Addressing care disparities is critical for improving mortality rates.
  • Clinicians require updated knowledge on best practices for this population.

Keywords:
Down syndromecardiovascular diseasesheart defects, congenitalhypertension, pulmonary

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