Cardiovascular Complications of Down Syndrome: Scoping Review and Expert Consensus

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Genetics
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of illness and death in people with Down syndrome.
• Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 50% of this population, leading to adverse outcomes.
• Other contributing factors include pulmonary hypertension, related diseases, and atherosclerosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnosis, prevalence, and management of CVD in individuals with Down syndrome.
• To summarize evidence across 10 key areas, from prenatal diagnosis to care disparities.
• To highlight the need for awareness of best clinical practices among clinicians.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on Down syndrome and cardiac disease.
• Synthesis of evidence across diverse clinical aspects.
• Analysis of disparities in cardiovascular care.

Main Results:

• Congenital heart disease is highly prevalent and impacts outcomes.
• Pulmonary hypertension and other comorbidities exacerbate CVD risks.
• Significant disparities exist in cardiovascular care, often overlooked.

Conclusions:

• Awareness of CVD risks and management is essential for Down syndrome patients.
• Addressing care disparities is critical for improving mortality rates.
• Clinicians require updated knowledge on best practices for this population.