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Published on: June 10, 2025
Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Six-Month Outcomes after Discharge of Patients Admitted for Acute Heart
O Adebayo1, O S Ogah1,2, A Adebiyi1,2
1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Insights
Acute heart failure (AHF) is rising globally, with limited data in Nigeria. This study highlights hypertension as a key factor and reveals high mortality rates, necessitating improved prevention strategies for acute heart failure.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Acute heart failure (AHF) presents a growing global health challenge.
- There is a scarcity of research on AHF, particularly within Nigerian and Black populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To delineate the clinical characteristics, standard treatments, and six-month prognosis of patients hospitalized for AHF at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- To provide real-world data on AHF in Nigeria.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 160 consecutive AHF patients.
- Assessment of socio-demographic data, clinical history, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters.
- Six-month follow-up post-discharge to track mortality and readmissions.
Main Results:
- The average patient age was 58.0 ±15.1 years, with half being 60 years or older.
- Hypertension was the predominant risk factor (77.5%), and most patients (83.8%) were in NYHA functional classes III or IV.
- The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.3%, and the six-month post-discharge mortality reached 25.6%.
Conclusions:
- AHF in this cohort was strongly linked to hypertension.
- A significant mortality burden was observed among AHF patients.
- Enhanced strategies are crucial for AHF prevention and mitigating adverse outcomes in this setting.
Background:
The burden of acute heart failure (AHF) is on the increase globally however, there are few studies on AHF in Nigeria and among black populations.
Objective:
This study described the clinical profile, conventional management and six-months outcome after discharge of patients admitted for acute heart failure at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods:
The study was a prospective study of 160 consecutive AHF patients. Socio-demographic details, clinical history, basic laboratory parameters electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. They were followed-up for six-months after discharge to ascertain death or readmission.
Results:
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of all the patients was 58.0 ±15.1 years. Those aged 60 years and above constituted about half of the participants. Males comprised 59.3% and hypertension was the most common risk factor (77.5%). One hundred and thirty-four subjects (83.8%) were in New York Heart Association functional classes III or IV. The most common AHF type was heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and mostly presented de novo. The mean duration of admission was 11 days while intrahospital mortality and mortality at 6 months after discharge were 6.3% and 25.6% respectively.
Conclusion:
This study provided a real-world data of AHF at UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. It showed AHF was predominantly associated with hypertension. There was high mortality among these AHF subjects. There is a need for more strategy in our environment for preventing AHF and its adverse outcomes.
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