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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Cardiovascular mortality risks during the 2017 exceptional heatwaves in China.

Meilin Yan1, Yang Xie2, Huanhuan Zhu3

  • 1School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.

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Severe 2017 heatwaves in China significantly increased cardiovascular disease mortality, particularly for ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. These findings highlight the catastrophic health threats posed by extreme heat events.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular DiseaseHigh TemperatureSevere Heatwave

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Climate Change Impacts

Background:

  • Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events globally.
  • Heatwaves pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations.
  • Previous research indicates a link between heat and cardiovascular mortality, but specific impacts of severe events require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cardiovascular mortality risk associated with the exceptional 2017 heatwaves in China.
  • To compare the mortality risk from the 2017 heatwaves with those experienced in previous years (2014-2016).
  • To assess the impact of severe heatwaves on specific cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily data on cardiovascular mortality and temperature from 102 Chinese counties between 2014 and 2017.
  • Employed generalized linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between heatwave days and mortality.
  • Compared mortality risks on heatwave days versus matched non-heatwave days.

Main Results:

  • In 2017, heatwaves were associated with significant increases in mortality for total circulatory diseases (27.8%), cerebrovascular disease (26.7%), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (30.1%).
  • Specific increases were observed for acute IHD (27.3%), chronic IHD (32.2%), and myocardial infarction (25.2%) during the 2017 heatwaves.
  • The 2017 heatwaves demonstrated a greater impact on ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction mortality compared to heatwaves in 2014-2016.

Conclusions:

  • The exceptional heatwaves in China during 2017 posed a severe and catastrophic threat to cardiovascular health.
  • Specific cardiovascular conditions, including ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction, were disproportionately affected by the intense heat.
  • Findings underscore the urgent need for public health strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risks during extreme heat events, especially in the context of climate change.