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Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix
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Age-Related Changes in Extracellular Matrix.

Zulfiia G Guvatova1,2, Pavel V Borisov1, Alexey A Alekseev2

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) changes with age, affecting tissue function and promoting disease. This review examines how ECM alterations impact aging across various organs.

Keywords:
agingextracellular matrix

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Area of Science:

  • Biogerontology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and regulates crucial cellular functions like growth, migration, and senescence.
  • Age-associated alterations in ECM structure, composition, and stiffness are increasingly recognized as significant factors in tissue dysfunction.
  • These changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous age-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the age-related modifications in ECM across diverse tissues and organs.
  • To elucidate the specific effects of ECM changes on the aging process.
  • To highlight the link between ECM alterations and age-related pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on ECM aging.
  • Analysis of research focusing on tissue-specific ECM changes.
  • Synthesis of findings on the functional consequences of ECM alterations in aging.

Main Results:

  • Aging significantly alters ECM composition, including collagen and elastin.
  • Increased ECM stiffness is a hallmark of aging, impacting cellular mechanotransduction.
  • ECM changes affect cellular senescence, stem cell function, and tissue regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related ECM modifications are fundamental drivers of tissue aging and functional decline.
  • Targeting ECM components and properties presents potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
  • Further research into tissue-specific ECM aging is crucial for understanding and mitigating aging processes.