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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation studies of new cellulose-based polymers.

F E Tabaght1, K Azzaoui2, A El Idrissi1

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.

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Summary

Researchers developed new biodegradable cellulose carbamate derivatives using telomerization. These eco-friendly materials exhibit enhanced solubility and biodegradability, suitable for sustainable applications like food packaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose and cellulose acetate (CA) are abundant biopolymers with potential for modification.
  • Improving hydrophobicity and biodegradability of cellulose derivatives is crucial for sustainable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel cellulose carbamate and cellulose acetate carbamate derivatives.
  • To enhance the hydrophobicity and biodegradability of cellulose-based materials.
  • To explore their potential in green chemistry and sustainable industries.

Main Methods:

  • Classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols to form carbamates.
  • Telomerization technique for grafting molecules onto cellulose and CA chains.
  • Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Thermogravimetric Analysis.
  • Solubility and biodegradability assessments.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized cellulose carbamate and cellulose acetate carbamate derivatives.
  • Telomerization ensured strong anchoring and increased hydrophobicity of grafted molecules.
  • Carbamate derivatives demonstrated improved solubility compared to unmodified cellulose.
  • Cell-P1 and CA-P1 derivatives exhibited superior biodegradability.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized carbamate derivatives offer enhanced properties like solubility and biodegradability.
  • These novel materials hold significant potential for eco-friendly applications, including food packaging.
  • The study contributes to the development of sustainable materials and green chemistry principles.