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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

8.1K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
10.0K
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

12.8K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
12.8K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

25.8K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
25.8K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

19.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Modeling nuclear energy's future role in decarbonized energy systems.

John Bistline1, Shannon Bragg-Sitton2, Wesley Cole3

  • 1Electric Power Research Institute, 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.

Iscience
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear energy can play a key role in deep decarbonization efforts. Its deployment is maximized through emissions policies, cost reductions, and integration with other technologies.

Keywords:
Energy ModelingEnergy managementEnergy systemsEngineering

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Systems Modeling
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Growing demand for decarbonization necessitates exploring low-carbon energy sources.
  • Nuclear energy is a significant low-carbon electricity generation technology.
  • Existing energy models face challenges in representing nuclear energy's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prospective roles of nuclear energy in decarbonized electricity markets.
  • To identify modeling challenges and best practices for energy systems optimization.
  • To understand how nuclear energy fits into deep decarbonization strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electric sector planning and energy systems optimization models.
  • Survey of modeling challenges and best practices.
  • Analysis of deep decarbonization literature concerning nuclear energy.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear energy deployment is highest under stringent emissions policies, reduced costs, and technology constraints.
  • Model dimensions related to emissions, costs, and technology integration are critical.
  • New modeling capabilities are required for emerging nuclear applications.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear energy's role in deep decarbonization is contingent on policy, cost, and technological integration.
  • Enhanced energy system models are crucial for accurate policy and planning.
  • Further research into modeling nuclear energy characteristics is needed.