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Updated: Aug 12, 2025
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Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
Published on: December 16, 2019
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Severe Mpox Infections in People With Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Anusha Govind1,2, Susana M Lazarte1,2, Ellen Kitchell1,2
1Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Summary
Mpox infections can be severe and prolonged in patients with uncontrolled HIV. Delayed antiviral treatment may worsen outcomes in immunocompromised individuals with mpox.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- The mpox (monkeypox) outbreak presents a global health challenge.
- Mpox is typically self-limiting but can cause severe disease in certain populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical course and outcomes of mpox in patients with uncontrolled HIV.
- To highlight the potential impact of delayed antiviral treatment on severe mpox cases.
Main Methods:
- Case series describing three patients with concurrent uncontrolled HIV and mpox infections.
- Review of clinical data, treatment initiation, and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- Three patients with uncontrolled HIV experienced prolonged, debilitating mpox lesions lasting months.
- Despite initiating mpox antiviral and antiretroviral therapies, patients experienced severe complications and mortality.
- Delayed mpox treatment was observed in these severe cases.
Conclusions:
- Uncontrolled HIV significantly increases the risk of severe, prolonged mpox infections.
- Prompt antiviral treatment is crucial for improving outcomes in severely immunocompromised mpox patients.
- Mpox can be fatal in individuals with advanced HIV, even with treatment.
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