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Identifying surge of exclusionary nationalism: A case study of prewar Japan.

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Elite mobility and continuity during a regime change.

Tomoko Matsumoto1, Tetsuji Okazaki2

  • 1Institute of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The British Journal of Sociology
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Regime change in Japan after the 1868 Meiji Restoration initially increased elite mobility for commoners. However, the established elite hierarchy later reverted to reflecting former social structures, diminishing meritocracy.

Keywords:
Japanmeritocracypolitical sociologyregime changesocial mobility

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Political Science
  • Historical Studies

Background:

  • The Meiji Restoration in 1868 marked Japan's transition from a feudal to a modern regime.
  • Understanding elite mobility is crucial for analyzing societal transformations during regime change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how regime change influences elite mobility.
  • To analyze the impact on elite composition and internal hierarchy across different stages of regime change.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection on elites following the Meiji Restoration.
  • Analysis of elite membership changes and hierarchical shifts.
  • Examination of the influence of meritocracy versus former social structures.

Main Results:

  • The Meiji Restoration initially facilitated elite entry for commoners, increasing meritocratic influence.
  • Post-restoration, the elite hierarchy began to mirror pre-existing social strata.
  • The impact of meritocracy on elite ranks declined as the new regime stabilized.

Conclusions:

  • Elite mobility dynamics are contingent on the specific stage of regime change.
  • Initial regime transitions can promote social mobility, but established systems may reintroduce stratification.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between political change, social structure, and elite dynamics.