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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.2K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.2K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

1.9K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
1.9K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.1K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

898
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
898
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.1K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.1K
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

5.9K
Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
5.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

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CO2 Aggregation on Monoethanolamine: Observations from Rotational Spectroscopy.

Fan Xie1, Wenhao Sun1, Pablo Pinacho1

  • 1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gas-phase nucleation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and monoethanolamine reveals CO2 preferentially binds to the hydroxyl group. Cluster growth shows increasing CO2 self-assembly, impacting new particle formation.

Keywords:
Aerosol FormationCO2 ComplexesMolecular InteractionsRotational Spectroscopy

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding gas-phase nucleation is crucial for new particle formation in the atmosphere.
  • The interactions between carbon dioxide (CO2) and monoethanolamine (MEA) are relevant to atmospheric processes and industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the initial gas-phase nucleation stages between CO2 and MEA.
  • To identify aggregation patterns and binding preferences in MEA-(CO2)n clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Broadband rotational spectroscopy was employed to study gas-phase clusters.
  • Extensive theoretical structure sampling was used to aid experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Sub-nanometer scale aggregation patterns of MEA-(CO2)n (n=1-4) were identified.
  • CO2 demonstrated a binding priority to the hydroxyl group over the amine group, contrasting with aqueous solutions.
  • A cap-like CO2 tetramer was observed in the quinary complex, surrounding MEA.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a unique CO2 binding preference in the gas phase compared to solution.
  • CO2 self-assembly plays an increasing role in cluster stability as critical size for new particle formation is approached.