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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

516
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
516
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

240
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
240
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

501
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
501
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

761
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
761
Hearing01:31

Hearing

52.8K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
52.8K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

461
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
461

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[Myoclonus in Alzheimer's disease].

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[Epileptic seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages
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Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages

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[Epilepsy syndromes associated with hearing loss].

S G Burd1,2, A V Lebedeva2, Yu V Rubleva1

  • 1Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy and hearing loss often co-occur in distinct patient groups, sharing common causes and potentially indicating underlying genetic disorders. Early genetic diagnosis is crucial for prognosis and management of these complex conditions.

Keywords:
deafnessepilepsyepilepsy syndromeshearing lossorphan diseases

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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Otolaryngology

Context:

  • Epilepsy and hearing loss frequently present together, complicating patient care.
  • Shared etiopathogenetic factors include neuroinfections, injuries, and perinatal issues.
  • These comorbidities can be part of rare hereditary diseases.

Purpose:

  • To review orphan genetic diseases causing both epilepsy and hearing loss.
  • To highlight the importance of genetic diagnosis for prognosis.

Summary:

  • Discusses syndromes like MERRF, MELAS, EAST, Ayme-Gripp, DOOR, and Gustavson syndrome.
  • Explains common causes and genetic links between epilepsy and hearing loss.
  • Emphasizes the role of SPATA5 gene mutations.

Impact:

  • Improves understanding of complex epilepsy and hearing loss comorbidities.
  • Facilitates accurate genetic diagnosis and counseling.
  • Aids in developing targeted management strategies for affected individuals.