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Recent Advancements in Polyurethane-based Tissue Engineering.

Sukriti Singh1, Karan Kumar Paswan1, Alok Kumar1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Polyurethane implants offer versatile solutions in tissue engineering due to their tunable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Recent advancements enhance their strength and dynamic characteristics for biomedical applications, including hard and soft tissue repair.

Keywords:
biocompatiblehard tissue implantspolymerspolyurethanessoft tissues implantstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyurethane-based implants are increasingly utilized in tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and inert nature, leading to reduced side effects and prolonged implant lifespan.
  • The inherent versatility of polyurethanes allows for tunable mechanical properties and shape-morphing capabilities, making them adaptable for various biomedical applications.
  • Recent scientific developments over the past three years have focused on enhancing the mechanical strength and introducing dynamic properties to polyurethanes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of polyurethane implants in biomedical fields, with a specific focus on hard and soft tissue regeneration.
  • To analyze the use of polyurethanes in implants for bone, cartilage, muscle, skeletal tissues, and blood vessels.
  • To discuss synthetic routes for scaffold preparation and address concerns related to precursor and byproduct toxicity and overall implant biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent advancements in polyurethane synthesis and modification for tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of studies detailing the application of polyurethane implants in various hard and soft tissue engineering contexts.
  • Examination of synthetic methodologies for creating polyurethane scaffolds and assessment of their toxicological profiles.

Main Results:

  • Polyurethanes demonstrate significant potential for diverse tissue engineering applications owing to their tunable properties and biocompatibility.
  • Advancements in material science have led to enhanced strength and dynamic characteristics in polyurethanes, expanding their utility.
  • Consideration of synthetic pathways is crucial for mitigating toxicity issues associated with precursors and byproducts, ensuring implant safety.

Conclusions:

  • Polyurethane implants represent a promising class of biomaterials for tissue engineering, offering a balance of mechanical performance and biological integration.
  • Continued research into synthesis and modification is vital for optimizing polyurethane properties and addressing biocompatibility concerns for clinical translation.
  • The versatility and adaptability of polyurethanes position them as key materials for future innovations in regenerative medicine and implantable devices.