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A worldwide perspective on large carnivore attacks on humans.

Giulia Bombieri¹, Vincenzo Penteriani², Kamran Almasieh³

¹MUSE - Science Museum, Research & Collections Department, Conservation Biology Unit, Trento, Italy.

|January 31, 2023

Summary

Large carnivore attacks on humans are increasing globally, particularly in lower-income nations. Effective conservation requires understanding socioeconomic and ecological factors influencing these conflicts.

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Area of Science:

Conservation Biology
Human-Wildlife Conflict Studies
Ecology

Background:

Large carnivores (Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae) significantly impact ecosystems but pose conservation challenges, especially when conflicts with humans arise.
Human activities increasingly overlap with carnivore habitats due to population growth and range expansion, leading to serious conflicts.
Understanding the drivers of these conflicts is crucial for developing effective coexistence strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze global trends and factors associated with large carnivore attacks on humans.
To investigate the influence of socioeconomic and ecological contexts on attack frequency and severity.
To inform conservation strategies for mitigating human-carnivore conflict.

Main Methods:

Compiled a global dataset of 5,440 large carnivore attacks on humans between 1950 and 2019.
Analyzed attack data considering species, geographic location, socioeconomic factors, and human activity.
Examined trends in attack frequency and outcomes (injury vs. fatality).

Main Results:

Reported large carnivore attacks have increased over time, notably in lower-income countries.
Sixty-eight percent of attacks resulted in human injuries, while 32% were fatal.
Attack triggers varied by region and human activity: recreation in high-income countries, livelihood in low-income countries.

Conclusions:

Large carnivore attacks are complex events influenced by a combination of local socioeconomic and ecological factors, not solely by animal behavior.
Effective conflict reduction strategies must be context-specific, addressing both environmental and human dimensions.
Coexistence requires tailored approaches that acknowledge the diverse circumstances driving human-carnivore interactions.