Evolution of European bison image and its implications for current species conservation

Area of Science:

• Conservation Science
• Art History
• Public Engagement

Background:

• Visual media are crucial for informing the public about conservation goals and garnering support for conservation actions.
• Historical communication channels differed significantly from modern mass media, yet similar principles of public engagement likely applied.
• Understanding the evolution of species depictions can offer insights into historical public awareness and conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the evolution of European bison depictions from 1500 to 1900.
• To assess the relationship between anatomical accuracy, scientific knowledge, and public appeal of these historical images.
• To derive lessons for contemporary conservation communication strategies.

Main Methods:

• Evaluation of anatomical accuracy of 38 historical European bison images by experts.
• Assessment of the conservation appeal of these images through a public online survey.
• Description of the development of scientific knowledge regarding European bison between 1500 and 1900.

Main Results:

• The anatomical accuracy of European bison depictions did not directly correlate with the contemporaneous state of scientific knowledge about the species.
• Public reception of historical images, including their perceived accuracy and conservation potential, was linked to the subjective aesthetic appeal of the depicted animals.
• Subjective appeal, rather than strict accuracy, influenced public engagement with historical representations.

Conclusions:

• Historical visual representations of the European bison evolved over centuries, reflecting changing artistic and possibly scientific understanding.
• Public engagement with conservation messaging is significantly influenced by the aesthetic qualities of visual media, not solely by factual accuracy.
• Modern conservation campaigns should integrate visually appealing imagery alongside factual information to enhance public reception and support for species conservation.