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Related Concept Videos

Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Molecular endotypes of type 1 and type 2 SLE.

Robert Robl1, Amanda Eudy2, Prathyusha S Bachali3

  • 1Bioinformatics, AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA robertrobl@ampelbiosolutions.com.

Lupus Science & Medicine
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, identifying distinct molecular patterns for type 1 and type 2 SLE. These findings help differentiate SLE subtypes and understand associated symptoms like fatigue.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasesfibromyalgiainflammationlupus erythematosus, systemic

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations.
  • Distinguishing between different SLE subtypes, such as type 1 and type 2 SLE, is crucial for targeted treatment and understanding disease pathogenesis.
  • Gene expression profiling offers a powerful tool to explore the molecular underpinnings of disease heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the distinct molecular landscapes of type 1 and type 2 SLE by analyzing peripheral blood gene expression profiles.
  • To identify unique transcriptional patterns that differentiate between type 1 and type 2 SLE.
  • To correlate molecular signatures with clinical features and identify potential biomarkers for disease subtypes and severity.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic RNA sequencing was performed on whole blood samples from 18 SLE patients.
  • Multiscale Embedded Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (MECoN) was applied to the top 5000 variable genes.
  • Gene co-expression modules were functionally annotated and correlated with demographic, clinical, and laboratory data.

Main Results:

  • Specific gene co-expression modules significantly correlated with individual features of type 1 and type 2 SLE.
  • These modules effectively segregated samples from type 1 SLE patients from those with type 2 SLE.
  • Type 1 SLE showed enrichment in interferon, monocyte, T cell, cell cycle, and neurotransmitter pathways, while type 2 SLE was enriched in B cell, metabolic, and neuromuscular pathways.
  • Type 2 SLE modules were also identified in patients with inactive SLE, idiopathic fibromyalgia, and active SLE with severe fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • Gene co-expression analysis successfully identified unique transcriptional patterns that distinguish type 1 SLE from type 2 SLE.
  • The study elucidated distinct molecular features associated with each SLE subtype.
  • These findings highlight the potential of molecular profiling to identify type 2 SLE characteristics in patients with inactive disease, fibromyalgia, or severe fatigue.