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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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Inferring Chromosome Number Changes Along a Phylogeny Using chromEvol.

Anna Rice1, Itay Mayrose2

  • 1School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

chromEvol is a new computational framework that infers chromosome number changes along a phylogeny using probabilistic models. This tool aids in identifying genomic events like polyploidy and dysploidy, even in complex evolutionary histories.

Keywords:
CCDBChromosome numberDysploidyOneTwoTreePhylogeneticsPolyploidychromEvol

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Chromosome numbers are crucial for identifying genomic events such as polyploidy and dysploidy.
  • Inferring these events can be challenging in large phylogenies with numerous chromosome number transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce chromEvol, a computational framework for inferring chromosome number shifts along a phylogeny.
  • To provide a user-friendly tool for analyzing chromosome evolution without requiring programming skills.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing probabilistic models of chromosome number change.
  • Fitting these models to chromosome count data and associated phylogenies.
  • Employing available online tools for model specification, fit examination, and ploidy level inference.

Main Results:

  • The chromEvol framework successfully infers patterns of chromosome number evolution.
  • The workflow allows for the identification of polyploidy and dysploidy events within phylogenetic contexts.
  • The tool is accessible to a broad scientific community.

Conclusions:

  • chromEvol offers a robust and accessible method for studying chromosome number evolution.
  • It simplifies the analysis of complex genomic events across diverse phylogenies.
  • The framework facilitates a deeper understanding of genome evolution and diversification.