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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

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Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives01:22

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives

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Laxatives enhance bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They augment the stool's bulk, stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, draw water into the intestines, or soften the stool. There are five key types of laxatives: bulk laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, and lubricant laxatives.
Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil, absorb water in the intestine, increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movement. This...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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Luteolin ameliorates loperamide-induced functional constipation in mice.

Yujin Wang1, Hua Jiang2, Lijun Wang2

  • 1College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|February 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Luteolin, a natural flavone, effectively treats functional constipation (FC) in mice by improving gut motility and reducing colon damage. This study highlights luteolin

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional constipation (FC) is a common gastrointestinal disorder linked to enteric nervous system dysfunction and impaired intestinal motility.
  • Luteolin, a natural flavone, shows promise for intestinal inflammation and nerve injury, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for FC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of luteolin in a mouse model of loperamide-induced functional constipation.
  • To elucidate the underlying functional mechanisms of luteolin in alleviating FC symptoms and colonic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Loperamide-induced functional constipation model in mice.
  • Assessment of defecation frequency, fecal water content, intestinal transit time, and colonic histopathology.
  • Evaluation of neuronal protein (HuC/D), motility biomarkers (SP, VIP, ACh), ICC markers (C-Kit, ANO1), and aquaporin (AQP) expression.

Main Results:

  • Luteolin treatment normalized defecation, fecal water content, and intestinal transit in FC mice.
  • Luteolin increased muscular layer thickness, reduced colonic injury, and enhanced expression of neuronal and motility-related proteins.
  • Luteolin downregulated AQP-3, AQP-4, and AQP-8 expression in the colons of FC mice.

Conclusions:

  • Luteolin demonstrates significant efficacy in ameliorating loperamide-induced functional constipation in mice.
  • Luteolin enhances colonic function by modulating neuronal and intestinal motility pathways and aquaporin expression.
  • Luteolin presents a potential therapeutic candidate for the development of novel medications to relieve functional constipation.