Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries of the Upper Extremity: A Critical Analysis Review

Iatrogenic nerve injuries may occur after any intervention of the upper extremity.

Causes of iatrogenic nerve lesions include direct sharp or thermal injury, retraction, compression from implants or compartment syndrome, injection, patient positioning, radiation, and cast/splint application, among others.

Optimal treatment of iatrogenic peripheral nerve lesions relies on early and accurate diagnosis.

Advanced imaging modalities (e.g., ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) and electrodiagnostic studies aid and assist in preoperative planning.

Optimal treatment of iatrogenic injuries is situation-dependent and depends on the feasibility of direct repair, grafting, and functional transfers.