Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for orf virus

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Zoonotic Disease Diagnostics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Orf virus (ORFV) is a significant zoonotic pathogen in the Parapoxvirus genus, leading to substantial economic losses in livestock.
• Current treatment options for ORFV infections are limited, underscoring the need for effective diagnostic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of existing diagnostic methods for Orf virus detection.
• To analyze the advantages and limitations of various diagnostic techniques.
• To discuss future perspectives for Orf virus diagnosis and surveillance.

Main Methods:

• Review of conventional diagnostic methods (virus isolation, electron microscopy).
• Evaluation of serological assays (VNT, IHC, IFA, ELISA).
• Analysis of molecular techniques (PCR, real-time PCR, LAMP, RPA, RAA).

Main Results:

• Various diagnostic methods, including conventional, serological, and molecular approaches, have been developed for ORFV detection.
• Each method possesses distinct advantages and limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, speed, and cost.
• Molecular methods offer high sensitivity and specificity for rapid ORFV detection.

Conclusions:

• Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are essential for effective Orf virus early diagnosis and surveillance.
• Continued development of sensitive and efficient diagnostic methods is critical for controlling ORFV outbreaks.
• This review serves as a valuable resource for selecting appropriate diagnostic strategies for ORFV.