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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

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Cystatin C proteoforms in chronic kidney disease.

Helene Dahl1, Klaus Meyer2, Kristina Sandnes1

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Plos One
|February 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cystatin C proteoforms, including native and truncated forms, were analyzed in chronic kidney disease patients. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressant use significantly altered proteoform distribution, independent of renal function.

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Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

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The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cystatin C is a key biomarker for renal function, offering advantages over creatinine.
  • Recent discoveries include various cystatin C proteoforms, such as hydroxylated and N-terminal truncated variants.
  • The biological roles of these distinct cystatin C proteoforms are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and characteristics of cystatin C proteoforms in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease.
  • To explore the relationship between cystatin C proteoform profiles, renal function, and medication use.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 157 patients with chronic kidney disease (pre-dialysis, hemodialysis, renal transplant).
  • Quantification of cystatin C proteoforms using MALDI-TOF MS.
  • Assessment of medication prescriptions, focusing on Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes L02 (corticosteroids) and H04 (immunosuppressants).

Main Results:

  • Hemodialysis patients exhibited the highest total cystatin C concentrations, followed by pre-dialysis and renal transplant patients.
  • Native cystatin C and CysC 3Pro-OH were the predominant proteoforms, with truncated forms comprising 28% of the total.
  • Proteoform distribution was largely independent of overall renal function but significantly influenced by the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Conclusions:

  • Cystatin C proteoforms increase proportionally with total cystatin C in chronic kidney disease.
  • Corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapies significantly impact cystatin C proteoform distribution.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological significance of these cystatin C proteoforms.