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Temperature-Modulated Changes in Thin Gel Layer Thickness Triggered by Electrochemical Stimuli.

Klaudia Kaniewska¹, Kamil Marcisz¹, Marcin Karbarz¹

¹Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Avenue, 02-089Warsaw, Poland.

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|February 1, 2023

Summary

Thermoresponsive hydrogels modified with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) exhibit tunable swelling. Electrochemical control over hydrogel size, modulated by temperature, shows promise for electrochemical actuators.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Electrochemistry

Background:

Thermoresponsive hydrogels offer tunable properties based on temperature.
Electroactive compounds can introduce additional functionalities to hydrogel networks.
Controlling hydrogel behavior with external stimuli is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize thermoresponsive hydrogels modified with the electroactive compound ABTS.
To investigate the influence of ABTS on the hydrogel's swelling behavior and mechanical properties.
To explore the electrochemical control of hydrogel layer dimensions and temperature-dependent electrosensitivity.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of thermoresponsive hydrogels with cationic groups.
Modification of hydrogels with 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS).
Characterization using tensile testing, rheometry, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM-D).

Main Results:

ABTS acts as a physical cross-linker, significantly affecting hydrogel swelling.
A hydrogel with a well-defined temperature window for ABTS-influenced swelling was identified.
Electrochemical triggers were shown to control the dimensions of thin hydrogel layers deposited on electrodes.
Hydrogel electrosensitivity was found to be temperature-modulated.

Conclusions:

The developed hydrogels exhibit tunable swelling and mechanical properties influenced by ABTS.
Electrochemical control of hydrogel dimensions, modulated by temperature, was successfully demonstrated.
These findings support the potential of these hydrogels for constructing electrochemical actuators.