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A smart risk-responding polymer membrane for safer batteries.

Ying Zhang1, Le Yu2, Xu-Dong Zhang1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.

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Summary

A new polymer with phosphorus groups prevents dangerous thermal runaway in high-energy lithium batteries. This smart material extends safety time by 100%, crucial for managing rechargeable battery risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries face safety challenges, particularly thermal runaway during abuse conditions.
  • Current safety measures are insufficient for widespread adoption of advanced battery technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel polymer-based material for mitigating thermal runaway in lithium batteries.
  • To enhance the safety and reliability of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of phosphorus-containing functional groups into a hydrocarbon-based polymer.
  • Evaluation of the polymer's electrochemical compatibility with battery electrodes at room temperature.
  • Investigation of the polymer's radical scavenging mechanism upon thermal accumulation.

Main Results:

  • A smart risk-responding polymer was successfully synthesized and demonstrated electrochemical compatibility.
  • The polymer effectively scavenges hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals, terminating exothermic chain reactions.
  • A 1.8-Ah Li-ion pouch cell using this polymer showed a 100% increase in time before thermal runaway (~9 hours).

Conclusions:

  • The developed phosphorus-containing polymer acts as a temperature-triggered safety mechanism.
  • This strategy significantly enhances thermal abuse tolerance in high-energy-density batteries.
  • The approach offers a promising pathway toward safer rechargeable battery technologies.