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Evaporation-induced fractal patterns: A bridge between uniform pattern and coffee ring.

Fushuai Wang1, Quanzi Yuan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.

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Researchers explored particle deposition patterns from evaporating ethanol drops, revealing a connection between uniform, polygonal, and coffee ring patterns through fractal geometry. This offers guidance for coating and printing applications.

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Contact lineDropEvaporationFilm stabilitySelf-assembled pattern

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Evaporating drops with particles create diverse patterns relevant to industrial applications.
  • Existing research often focuses on suppressing the coffee ring effect, limiting pattern control.
  • A unified understanding connecting different pattern types remains an academic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a connection between uniform, polygonal, and coffee ring patterns formed by evaporating drops.
  • To investigate the underlying physics governing pattern formation.
  • To provide a strategy for controlling deposition patterns in practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Depositing ethanol drops with dissolved ibuprofen onto silicon wafers.
  • Varying solute concentration to induce different pattern types.
  • Observing hydrodynamic events like spreading, evaporative instability, and dewetting.

Main Results:

  • Achieved uniform, polygonal, and coffee ring patterns by adjusting solute concentration.
  • Identified pattern formation as a result of complex hydrodynamic events.
  • Connected the observed patterns using fractal geometry, coining the term "fractal deposition patterns".

Conclusions:

  • A theoretical model based on film stability explains the observed pattern formation.
  • The study presents a unified physics-based strategy to link diverse deposition patterns.
  • Findings offer instructive guidance for applications in coatings, inkjet printing, and nanosemiconductors.