Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Solution-processed aqueous-insensitive transparent conductors for bio-optoelectronics.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

In situ graphene-seq: spatial transcriptomics and chronic electrophysiological characterization of tissue microenvironments.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Recent Synthesis Routes to Previously Inaccessible Zeolite Porosity: From Ultrasmall Pore to Ultraporous Materials.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Governing Thermal Transport in Three-Dimensional Electronics.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

AI-Assisted segmentation and volumetric reconstruction of radiographs through multi-angular scintillation imaging.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Structurally engineered ultrasoft PEDOT:PSS fiber microelectrodes with enhanced electrochemical performance for neural interfaces.

Science advances·2026

Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026

Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer.

Jiho Shin^1,2,3, Hyunseok Kim^1,2, Suresh Sundaram⁴

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

|February 1, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed vertically stacked micro-LEDs (µLEDs) achieving record 5,100 pixels per inch density. This breakthrough enables smaller, high-performance displays for augmented and virtual reality applications.

More Related Videos

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

Published on: March 31, 2016

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

Published on: March 31, 2016

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Micro-LEDs (µLEDs) are crucial for augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) displays due to high pixel density and luminance requirements.
Conventional lateral assembly of red, green, and blue (RGB) µLEDs faces limitations in achieving desired pixel densities.
Existing vertical µLED display approaches struggle with minimizing lateral dimensions of stacked components.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome limitations in µLED display manufacturing for AR/VR applications.
To achieve unprecedented pixel density and reduced device size in full-color µLED displays.
To demonstrate a novel fabrication method for vertically stacked µLEDs.

Main Methods:

Utilized a two-dimensional (2D) materials-based layer transfer technique for LED growth.
Employed remote or van der Waals epitaxy for near-submicron thick RGB LEDs on 2D material-coated substrates.
Integrated mechanical release, stacking, and top-down fabrication for vertical assembly.
Demonstrated vertical integration of blue µLEDs with silicon membrane transistors.

Main Results:

Achieved the highest reported array density of 5,100 pixels per inch.
Fabricated vertically stacked µLEDs with the smallest reported size of 4 µm.
Obtained the smallest stack height of approximately 9 µm, enabling record density.
Successfully demonstrated active matrix operation through integration with silicon transistors.

Conclusions:

The developed 2D materials-based layer transfer technique enables ultra-high-density, full-color vertically stacked µLED displays.
The achieved record density and small device size are critical advancements for next-generation AR/VR displays.
This work presents a versatile platform for 3D integrated devices beyond display applications.