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Related Concept Videos

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Related Experiment Video

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MAFLD: a multisystem disease.

Rosaria Maria Pipitone1, Carlo Ciccioli1, Giuseppe Infantino1

  • 1Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), formerly NAFLD, is linked to increased risks of liver, cardiovascular, and cancer complications. This multisystemic disease promotes systemic inflammation and atherogenic dyslipidemia, acting as an independent risk factor.

Keywords:
MAFLDNAFLDfatty liver

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the population and over 50% of dysmetabolic patients.
  • NAFLD is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and its complications.
  • Recent consensus proposed renaming NAFLD to Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) to emphasize metabolic links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting MAFLD as a multisystemic disease.
  • To highlight mechanisms linking MAFLD to extrahepatic disorders.
  • To underscore MAFLD's role beyond liver-related events.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of evidence on liver-related and extrahepatic events in NAFLD/MAFLD patients.
  • Exploration of proposed pathomechanisms for MAFLD's systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD/MAFLD patients exhibit increased risk for liver disease, cardiovascular events, and cancers.
  • These associations extend beyond shared risk factors, suggesting MAFLD as an independent risk factor.
  • MAFLD promotes atherogenic dyslipidemia, inflammation, fibrosis, and a procoagulant state.

Conclusions:

  • NAFLD/MAFLD is a multisystemic disease with significant extrahepatic manifestations.
  • The progressive form, nonalcoholic/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, drives systemic complications.
  • Understanding MAFLD's role is crucial for managing associated metabolic and cardiovascular risks.