The Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi Isolated From Blood Sample
Sohana Akter Mina1, Md Zahid Hasan1, A K M Zakir Hossain1
1Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Abstract:
Typhoid is a major public health concern. Even though antibiotics are usually used to treat typhoid fever, the spread of multi drug resistant Salmonella typhi is making antibiotics much less effective. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi from the clinical samples. During this study, 154 blood samples of suspected typhoid patients were collected from the hospital and diagnostic center located in Chattogram City, Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of Salmonella typhi was done by both biochemical tests. PCR analysis was also done for the confirmation of biochemical result. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ceptriaxone, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and azithtomycin. Out of 154, 21 (13.64%) isolates were identified as Salmonella typhi and the prevalence of typhoid in Chattogram, Bangladesh was 13.64% (n = 21). It was also found that children under the age of 5 are the more vulnerable target of Salmonella typhi infection. Antibiotic resistance profiling revealed 85% isolates were Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and highest resistance was found in case of Nalidixic acid. Although, most of the isolated Salmonella typhi were MDR, first generation antibiotics Co-trimoxazile, Chloramphenicol, and Ampicillin were found effective against Salmonella typhi.
Insights
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi is a growing concern for typhoid fever treatment. This study found a 13.64% prevalence of Salmonella typhi in Chattogram, Bangladesh, with 85% of isolates being multidrug-resistant.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, remains a significant global health issue.
- The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi (MDR-ST) complicates treatment strategies.
- Antibiotic resistance necessitates ongoing surveillance and characterization of local pathogen strains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in clinical samples from suspected typhoid patients in Chattogram City, Bangladesh.
- To assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns, particularly multidrug resistance, among Salmonella typhi isolates.
- To identify potential risk factors and vulnerable populations for Salmonella typhi infection.
Main Methods:
- Collection of 154 blood samples from patients with suspected typhoid fever.
- Isolation and identification of Salmonella typhi using biochemical tests and PCR confirmation.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against a panel of antibiotics via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion.
Main Results:
- Salmonella typhi was identified in 21 out of 154 samples, indicating a prevalence of 13.64% in the study area.
- Children under 5 years old were identified as a particularly vulnerable group.
- Antibiotic resistance profiling showed 85% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with highest resistance to nalidixic acid.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights a substantial prevalence of MDR-ST in Chattogram, Bangladesh, posing a significant public health challenge.
- Despite widespread MDR, first-generation antibiotics like Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol, and Ampicillin demonstrated effectiveness against the isolated strains.
- Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for effective typhoid fever management and treatment guidelines.
More Related Videos
09:10Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh Produce
Published on: October 18, 2010
11:10High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
Published on: August 11, 2014