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Association Between Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and Infant Influenza Vaccination
Fangjun Zhou1, Megan C Lindley, James T Lee
1Immunization Service Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Insights
Maternal influenza vaccination significantly boosts infant vaccination rates. Vaccinating pregnant individuals increases the likelihood of their infants receiving timely influenza immunizations, enhancing protection for both.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Influenza poses significant risks to pregnant individuals and infants.
- Maternal vaccination is recommended to protect both mother and child.
- Data on the direct association between maternal and infant influenza vaccination is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and subsequent infant influenza vaccination.
- To quantify the impact of maternal influenza immunization on infant vaccination coverage.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of privately insured individuals and their infants using MarketScan data (2017-2019).
- Inclusion criteria: ages 15-49, continuous insurance, singleton live births within a specific timeframe.
- Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to assess vaccination associations.
Main Results:
- 40.6% of pregnant individuals received influenza vaccination.
- Infants born to vaccinated mothers had significantly higher rates of at least one dose (90.0%) and two doses (75.5%) compared to infants of unvaccinated mothers (66.3% and 51.8%).
- Maternal vaccination was associated with a 35.7% increase in at-least-one-dose infant coverage and a 45.8% increase in at-least-two-dose coverage.
Conclusions:
- A statistically significant positive relationship exists between maternal influenza vaccination and infant vaccination.
- Interventions promoting influenza vaccination in pregnant individuals may enhance infant vaccination coverage.
- Increased vaccination in these vulnerable populations offers greater protection against influenza complications.
Objective:
To examine the association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and infant influenza vaccination.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of individuals aged 15-49 years who were continually privately insured from August 2017 to May 2019 and had singleton live births between September 2017 and February 2018 and their infants. Influenza vaccination coverage was assessed for pregnant people during the 2017-2018 influenza season and for their infants during the 2018-2019 season using the 2017-2019 MarketScan data. Multivariate log-binomial regressions were conducted to examine the association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and infant influenza vaccination.
Results:
Of the 34,919 pregnant people in this analysis, 14,168 (40.6%) received influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Of the infants born to people vaccinated during pregnancy, 90.0% received at least one dose of influenza vaccine during the 2018-2019 season and 75.5% received at least two doses. Of the infants born to those not vaccinated during pregnancy, 66.3% received at least one dose of influenza vaccine and 51.8% received at least two doses. At-least-one-dose coverage was 35.7% higher (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.33-1.36) and at-least-two-dose coverage was 45.8% higher (aRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.41-1.46) for infants born to people who received influenza vaccination during pregnancy compared with infants born to people who did not.
Conclusion:
Our results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and infant influenza vaccination status in their first season eligible for vaccination. Interventions to increase influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant people may also increase infant influenza vaccination coverage, offering greater protection against serious complications of influenza in both vulnerable populations.
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