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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

264
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
264
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

414
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
414
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

179
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
179
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

552
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
552
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

714
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
714
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

477
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
477

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Outcomes in pediatric anesthesia: towards a universal language.

Vanessa Marchesini1,2, Nicola Disma3

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Children's Hospital, Parkville.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|February 2, 2023
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Summary

Pediatric anesthesia researchers are developing standardized outcomes for better clinical care and research. These validated outcomes, identified using the COMET methodology, aim to improve the quality of care and research output in pediatric anesthesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesia Research
  • Outcome Measurement
  • Clinical Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Reliable and replicable outcome measures are crucial for enhancing clinical care and research in pediatric anesthesia.
  • Standardized and validated outcomes are essential for accurately assessing and improving the quality of pediatric anesthesia services.

Approach:

  • Reviewing current initiatives within the pediatric anesthesia research community focused on outcome development.
  • Utilizing the standardized methodology of the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) initiative for outcome validation.

Key Points:

  • Several research groups are actively pursuing the identification of validated outcomes in pediatric anesthesia.
  • These initiatives employ the COMET methodology to ensure standardization and relevance.
  • Focus areas include clinical and research outcomes in anesthesia, perioperative medicine, pain, and sedation for pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • Well-defined, standardized, and consistent clinical outcomes are vital for quantifying quality improvement in healthcare.
  • Significant research efforts are dedicated to establishing such outcome sets in pediatric anesthesia.
  • These efforts aim to provide reliable measures for evaluating and enhancing the quality of pediatric clinical care and research.