An overview of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against ischemic stroke

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major global cause of death and disability.
• Preventing IS is a critical public health priority.
• The protective mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) against IS are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the pathophysiology of IS.
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which HBO-PC protects against IS.
• To explore the potential of HBO-PC as a preventive strategy for IS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of IS pathophysiology.
• Analysis of existing research on HBO-PC effects.
• Synthesis of evidence regarding HBO-PC mechanisms.

Main Results:

• HBO-PC enhances antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic capacities.
• HBO-PC activates autophagy, immune responses, and upregulates key protective proteins (HSPs, HIF-1, EPO).
• HBO-PC demonstrates protective effects on the blood-brain barrier and may synergize with stem cell therapy.

Conclusions:

• HBO-PC is a potential safe and effective non-pharmacological method for IS prevention.
• Further research is needed to optimize HBO-PC regimens and explore individualized treatment protocols.
• Clinical application requires careful consideration due to regimen variability and the need for further validation.