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Auditory Function in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol Up Young Adults: A Pilot Study
Peter Torre1, Zhongli J Zhang2, Howard J Hoffman3
1School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
Insights
Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) showed slightly higher hearing loss rates than uninfected peers (YAPHEU). Peripheral hearing and cochlear function were similar, warranting further investigation in larger studies.
Area of Science:
- Audiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) can impact long-term health, including auditory function.
- Understanding hearing health in young adults with PHIV is crucial for monitoring and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare hearing measures between young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and uninfected young adults with perinatal HIV exposure (YAPHEU).
- To assess peripheral hearing and cochlear function in these groups.
Main Methods:
- A pilot study involving pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) was conducted.
- Hearing loss was defined by specific pure-tone average (PTA) thresholds.
- Linear regression models analyzed associations between hearing measures and HIV status.
Main Results:
- Hearing loss was observed in 15.2% of YAPHIV compared to 0% of YAPHEU.
- Adjusted mean PTAs and DPOAE signal-to-noise ratios were similar between the two groups.
- No associations were found between HIV disease severity and hearing outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Peripheral hearing and cochlear function appear similar between YAPHIV and YAPHEU in this pilot study.
- A higher incidence of hearing loss was noted in YAPHIV.
- Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Background:
To collect and compare selected hearing measures in a pilot study of young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and those with perinatal HIV exposure who are uninfected young adults with PHEU (YAPHEU).
Setting:
Cross-sectional hearing measures in YAPHIV and YAPHEU enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) for Participants 18 Years of Age and Older (AMP Up).
Methods:
Pure-tone air conduction audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) data were collected in 1 visit. A low-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) (LFPTA, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz), a speech-frequency PTA (SFPTA, at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), and a high-frequency PTA (HFPTA, at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz) were calculated. Hearing loss was defined as worse ear SFPTA of ≥20 dB HL. Separate linear regression models were fit for worse ear LFPTA, SFPTA, and HFPTA to assess associations with PHIV status. DPOAE signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were obtained at 3 frequencies in each ear.
Results:
Forty-seven YAPHIV and 9 YAPHEU completed hearing testing. All adjusted mean PTAs were similar between YAPHIV and YAPHEU. Hearing loss occurred more in YAPHIV (7/47, 15.2%; 95% CI: 6.3%-28.9%), compared with YAPHEU (0/9, 0%). No associations were detected between HIV disease severity measures and worse ear SFPTA. DPOAE SNRs were similar between YAPHIV and YAPHEU.
Conclusions:
In this pilot study, peripheral hearing (ie, PTAs) and cochlear function (ie, DPOAEs) were similar between YAPHIV and YAPHEU. A larger study is warranted to confirm these findings.
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