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Acute and Postacute Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Tomohiro Katsuta1,2, Yuta Aizawa3, Kensuke Shoji4

  • 1From the The Committee on Immunization and Infectious Diseases, Japan Pediatric Society, Japan.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children evolved with variants of concern. A study in Japan found increased symptomatic cases and persistent symptoms, particularly during the Omicron variant period, highlighting the need for further research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Virology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Clinical features of COVID-19 in children have evolved due to variants of concern (VOC).
  • Increased VOC infections raise concerns about persistent symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for managing pediatric health during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 in Japan.
  • To investigate persistent symptoms in children following COVID-19 infection.
  • To assess the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants on pediatric cases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5411 pediatric COVID-19 cases for clinical manifestations (Feb 2020-Apr 2022).
  • Analysis of 1697 pediatric COVID-19 cases for persistent symptoms (Feb 2020-Nov 2021).
  • Data collected via a dedicated database from the Japan Pediatric Society.

Main Results:

  • Seizure incidence increased significantly during the Omicron variant period (13.4% in 1-4 years, 7.4% in 5-11 years).
  • Persistent symptoms after 28 days were reported in 3.2% (55 cases) of pediatric patients.
  • Symptomatic cases increased, especially during the Omicron predominant period.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric COVID-19 clinical features and symptom persistence vary with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • A notable percentage of children experience prolonged symptoms or severe complications.
  • Further longitudinal studies are necessary to monitor affected children.
Abstract

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