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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Plasma membrane potential is crucial for mammalian cell function and is regulated by ion channels.
  • Nanoparticles (NPs) offer potential for controlling biological functions, including membrane potential modulation.
  • Previous studies utilized spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNS) absorbing in the visible spectrum for photo-induced depolarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of anisotropic gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) with near-infrared (NIR) absorption for cellular membrane depolarization.
  • To develop AuNFs that can be conjugated to biomolecules for targeted cellular interaction.
  • To compare the depolarization efficiency of AuNFs with spherical AuNPs (AuNS).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of anisotropic AuNFs with broad absorption spanning into the NIR region (650-1000 nm).
  • Bioconjugation of AuNFs with PEGylated cholesterol (PEG-Chol) for plasma membrane targeting.
  • Characterization of AuNF properties and their interaction with PC-12 cells.
  • Photoexcitation of AuNF-conjugated cells and measurement of membrane depolarization and cellular viability.

Main Results:

  • AuNFs were synthesized with preserved shape and colloidal stability, suitable for biomolecule conjugation.
  • AuNF-PEG-Chol conjugates effectively adhered to the plasma membrane of PC-12 cells.
  • AuNF-PEG-Chol mediated more effective cellular depolarization than AuNS-PEG-Chol and unconjugated nanoparticles at specific wavelengths (561 or 640 nm).
  • Photoexcitation of AuNFs did not negatively impact cellular viability.

Conclusions:

  • Anisotropic AuNFs represent a promising nanomaterial for spatiotemporal control of cellular depolarization.
  • The NIR absorption properties of AuNFs enhance potential for *in vivo* applications due to greater tissue penetration.
  • AuNFs offer a viable alternative to spherical AuNPs for modulating membrane potential with improved efficiency and safety.