Distributed compact plasma reactor decontamination for planetary protection in space missions

Area of Science:

• Space Science
• Microbiology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Planetary protection requires effective sterilization methods for spacecraft.
• Current methods may be time-consuming, energy-intensive, or damaging to materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the Active Plasma Sterilizer (APS) for its effectiveness in decontaminating materials relevant to space missions.
• To assess the APS's capability for uniform and rapid sterilization using cold plasma.

Main Methods:

• The Active Plasma Sterilizer (APS) utilizing Compact Portable Plasma Reactors (CPPRs) was employed.
• Tests involved pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, B. subtilis) on Aluminum, Polycarbonate, Kevlar, and Orthofabric.
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for material compatibility assessment.

Main Results:

• Achieved 4 to 5 log reductions of bacteria on four materials within 30 minutes.
• Demonstrated uniform spatial decontamination across multiple points with low power consumption (13.2 ± 2.22 W).
• Confirmed ozone penetration through porous materials (Kevlar, Orthofabric) and no significant material damage.

Conclusions:

• The APS is a viable, light-weight, and sustainable decontamination technology for planetary protection.
• Advantages include uniform sterilization, low temperatures, short exposure times, material compatibility, and disinfection of porous surfaces.