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Area of Science:

  • Fire Science
  • Measurement Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate exhaust flow measurement is crucial for reliable calorimetry in large fire testing.
  • Non-ideal flow conditions, like skewed velocity, challenge measurement accuracy with standard methods.
  • Current consensus standards recommend bi-directional probes or orifice plates, which have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of averaging pitot probes for exhaust flow measurement in large fire calorimeters.
  • To assess the impact of averaging pitot probes on the accuracy of heat release rate measurements.
  • To determine if averaging pitot probes can improve upon existing standard methods.

Main Methods:

  • Averaging pitot probes were integrated into a large fire calorimeter system.
  • Heat release rate measurements using oxygen consumption calorimetry were compared to theoretical outputs from a gas burner.
  • Performance was evaluated under typical large-scale flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Heat release rate measurements showed less than 5% difference compared to theoretical values in most tests.
  • Differences exceeded 5% under specific conditions but remained below 10%.
  • These results were achieved without the recommended system calibration.

Conclusions:

  • Averaging pitot probes offer a viable and accurate alternative for exhaust flow measurement in large fire testing.
  • Their implementation can enhance the overall accuracy of calorimetry measurements.
  • Including averaging pitot probes would be an improvement to current fire testing standards.