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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Prospective Study
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Retrospective cohort study on risk factors for developing ischemic stroke.

Adel Sadeq1, Mohamed A Baraka2, Amar Hamrouni3

  • 1PhD, MSc. Assistant Professor, Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain-UAE, United Arab Emirates. adel.sadeq@aau.ac.ae.

Pharmacy Practice
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension, coronary artery disease, low physical activity, and previous stroke history are key risk factors for ischemic stroke. Controlling these modifiable factors like hypertension and diabetes is crucial for prevention.

Keywords:
Ischemic strokeModelModifiable and non-modifiablePredictorsRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited studies exist on ischemic stroke risk factors in the region.
  • Understanding local risk factors is essential for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and delineate the primary risk factors associated with ischemic stroke development.
  • To provide data for regional stroke prevention initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort hospital-based study involving 231 patients presenting to a tertiary hospital emergency department.
  • Ischemic stroke diagnosis confirmed within 24 hours of presentation.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify predictive risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Seven significant predictive risk factors for ischemic stroke were identified: hypertension, coronary artery disease, low physical activity, history of previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, family history of stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
  • Hypertension (OR 6.1) and coronary artery disease (OR 4.2) were the strongest predictors.
  • The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.1% and an overall accuracy of 75.7%.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and low physical activity significantly contribute to ischemic stroke development.
  • Controlling these identified risk factors is paramount for effective stroke prevention strategies.