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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Commonalities, differences, and differences that matter between monolingual and bilingual development.

Erika Hoff1

  • 1Florida Atlantic University, USA.

Journal of Child Language
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in bilingual and monolingual language development stem from similar sources. Child-external factors uniquely influence the pace and outcomes of bilingual acquisition, highlighting the need for further research.

Keywords:
bilingual developmentbilingual profilesindividual differences

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Second Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Individual differences significantly impact language acquisition in both monolingual and bilingual children.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective language education and intervention strategies.
  • Existing research often overlooks the nuanced interplay of factors in bilingual development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue that sources of individual differences in bilingual development mirror those in monolingual development.
  • To assert that child-external influences differentially affect the rate and outcomes of bilingual language acquisition.
  • To underscore the scientific and practical importance of studying monolingual versus bilingual development disparities.

Main Methods:

  • This commentary synthesizes existing literature and theoretical frameworks.
  • It employs a comparative approach, contrasting monolingual and bilingual development trajectories.
  • The analysis focuses on identifying commonalities and divergences in influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Child-internal factors (e.g., cognitive abilities, motivation) contribute similarly to individual differences in both monolingual and bilingual language learning.
  • Child-external factors (e.g., linguistic environment, social interaction) exert a differential impact on bilinguals, affecting acquisition speed and sometimes the final proficiency.
  • These environmental influences can lead to variations in the rate and outcomes of language acquisition when comparing monolingual and bilingual learners.

Conclusions:

  • The fundamental sources of individual variation in language development are largely consistent across monolingual and bilingual contexts.
  • Environmental influences play a critical role in shaping the unique developmental paths of bilingual children.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate these differences and inform pedagogical practices.