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Bilateral patellar aplasia in a foal.

Elsa K Ludwig1, Kim Hallowell1, Mandy Womble2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Veterinary Medicine and Science
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A rare congenital condition caused bilateral patellar aplasia in a foal, leading to severe hindlimb lameness and inability to stand. This case highlights a previously undescribed defect in equine development.

Keywords:
aplasiacongenitalfoalhorsepatella

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Orthopedics
  • Congenital Malformations

Background:

  • Neonatal foals require prompt evaluation for musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting mobility and nursing.
  • Patellar luxation is a recognized condition in foals, but bilateral aplasia is rare.

Observation:

  • A 2-day-old Cleveland Bay foal presented with severe hindlimb lameness and inability to bear weight.
  • Physical examination revealed lateral patellar luxation and a crouched stance.
  • Radiographs showed poorly ossified, ill-defined patellae.

Findings:

  • Post-mortem examination confirmed congenital bilateral patellar aplasia with complete failure of ossification.
  • Associated cardiac anomalies, suggestive of right atrioventricular valve dysplasia, were identified.
  • Histological analysis revealed no osteoid deposition or ossification in the patellae.

Implications:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of bilateral congenital patellar aplasia in foals.
  • Understanding such rare developmental defects is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis in equine neonates.
  • Further research into the genetic or developmental pathways may elucidate the etiology of this condition.