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Related Concept Videos

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:44

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Genetic associations between bipolar disorder and brain structural phenotypes.

Meng-Yuan Shang1,2, Chu-Yi Zhang3, Yong Wu4

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic studies reveal significant overlap between bipolar disorder (BD) and brain structure, identifying 54 shared genomic loci. This finding offers new insights into the developmental origins and biological mechanisms of BD.

Keywords:
bipolar disorderbrain structural phenotypesgenome-wide association studyneurodevelopmental hypothesisshared genetic basis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Brain Imaging Genetics

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with brain volume and cortical structure alterations in patients and relatives.
  • The genetic underpinnings of these shared neurobiological features remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the polygenic overlap between bipolar disorder (BD) and 15 brain structural phenotypes.
  • To identify shared genomic loci contributing to both BD and brain structural variations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Employed linkage disequilibrium score regression and the MiXeR tool to quantify polygenic overlap.
  • Identified shared loci using conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses.

Main Results:

  • Estimated significant polygenic overlap between BD and brain structural phenotypes (Dice coefficient: 4-53%).
  • Discovered 54 independent loci (71 SNPs) jointly associated with BD and brain structure (conjFDR < 0.05), including 33 novel loci.
  • Confirmed known risk genes (e.g., CACNA1C) and identified novel risk genes (e.g., LIMK2, CAMK2N2) via eQTL analysis.

Conclusions:

  • There is a substantial shared genetic basis between bipolar disorder and brain structural phenotypes.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the developmental origins and biological mechanisms underlying BD.