Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
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Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis

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Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway and Infiltrating Urothelial Carcinoma

Seyma Buyucek1, Sinem Kantarcioglu Coskun1, Binnur Onal1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey.

Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology : Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer
|February 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Investigating urothelial carcinoma, this study found KRAS mutations are common, especially in glandular subtypes. These findings may guide targeted therapies for specific urothelial cancer variants.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway mutations are crucial in cancer development.
  • Targeted therapies offer new hope for cancer treatment.
  • Urothelial carcinoma exhibits diverse morphological features based on differentiation and variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and HER2, EGFR, and p16 expression in urothelial carcinoma.
  • To compare these molecular findings with clinical, demographic, histopathologic features, and survival rates.
  • To identify potential targets for personalized medicine in urothelial carcinoma.

Main Methods:

  • Urothelial carcinomas were divided into differentiated/variants (n=12) and conventional (n=12) groups.
  • Analysis included KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutations and HER2, EGFR, p16 expression.
  • Statistical comparisons were made with clinical, histopathologic, and survival data.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation found between histopathology/survival and mutation/protein status.
  • Differentiated/variants urothelial carcinoma showed significantly higher EGFR expression (P < 0.001).
  • KRAS mutations were most common, particularly in urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • KRAS mutations are prevalent in urothelial carcinoma, especially with glandular differentiation, suggesting potential for targeted KRAS-directed therapies.
  • Higher EGFR expression in differentiated/variants subtypes warrants further investigation.
  • Molecular characterization is essential for developing targeted treatment algorithms and patient selection.

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