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Age-adjusted reference values and influencing factors of cystatin C in healthy Chinese population
Ming Ji1, Yongchao Fu2, Xinglin Wan1
1Department of Health Management Center, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Insights
Serum cystatin C levels in healthy Chinese adults are established, with higher concentrations observed in men and older individuals. Elevated cystatin C is linked to male sex, advanced age, and higher body mass index.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Chemistry
- Nephrology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The normative distribution of serum cystatin C and its relationship with sex and age in healthy adult Chinese individuals remain uncharacterized.
- Establishing these normative values is crucial for accurate clinical interpretation and disease risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the normative distribution of serum cystatin C in a healthy adult Chinese population.
- To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C levels, sex, and age in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 10,640 healthy adult participants (≥18 years) undergoing annual health examinations.
- Exclusion criteria included major diseases like hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²).
- Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for elevated serum cystatin C (>1.03 mg/L).
Main Results:
- The median serum cystatin C concentration was 0.73 mg/L (95% CI 0.52-1.03 mg/L) overall, 0.79 mg/L in men, and 0.67 mg/L in women.
- Elevated cystatin C was independently associated with male sex (OR 1.94), older age (OR 1.04 per year), higher BMI (OR 1.70), elevated uric acid, and β2-microglobulin.
- The median age of the participants was 40 ± 12 years, with 52% being men.
Conclusions:
- The study establishes normative serum cystatin C levels for healthy adult Chinese individuals: 0.73 mg/L overall, 0.79 mg/L in men, and 0.67 mg/L in women.
- Serum cystatin C concentration is significantly associated with male sex, older age, and higher body mass index in this population.
- These findings provide valuable reference ranges for clinical practice and epidemiological research in China.
Background:
Normative distribution of serum cystatin C and relationship with sex and age in healthy adult Chinese population is unknown.
Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study. Adult subjects (18 years of age and older) who underwent annual health examination at the Health Management Center in Sir Run Run Hospital were eligible. Subjects with major diseases, e.g., hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity (body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m2) were excluded from the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors of elevated cystatin C (> 1.03 mg/L). Data are shown as median and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results:
The final analysis included a total of 10,640 subjects (40 ± 12 years, 52% men). The median serum cystatin C concentration was 0.73 mg/L (95% CI 0.52-1.03 mg/L) in the overall analysis, 0.79 (95% CI 0.59-1.07 mg/L) in men, and 0.67 (95% CI 0.49-0.95 mg/L) in women. In the multivariate regression analysis, elevated cystatin C was independently associated with the male sex (odds ratio 1.94; 95% CI 1.07-3.52), older age (odds ratio 1.04 every year; 95% CI 1.02-1.06), higher body mass index (odds ratio 1.70; 95% CI 1.01-2.83), uric acid (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 1.00-1.01), and β2-microglobulin (odds ratio 39.35; 95% CI 22.90-67.64).
Conclusion:
The median serum cystatin C concentration was 0.73 (95% CI 0.52-1.03 mg/L) in healthy adult Chinese population, 0.79 (95% CI 0.59-1.07 mg/L) in men, and 0.67 (95% CI 0.49-0.95 mg/L) in women. Elevated cystatin C was associated with the male sex, older age and higher body mass index.