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Altered Neural Pathways and Related Brain Remodeling: A Rat Study Using Different Nerve Reconstructions.

Yun-Ting Xiang1, Xiang-Xin Xing2, Xu-Yun Hua2,3

  • 1School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Neurosurgery
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Brain plasticity after nerve reconstruction varies by surgical method. Nerve transfer shows distinct remodeling patterns in sensorimotor areas compared to nerve repair, impacting functional connectivity and recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cortical plasticity is crucial for functional recovery after nerve injury.
  • Brain remodeling patterns following different peripheral nerve reconstruction techniques remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain remodeling patterns associated with peripheral neural pathway alterations after various nerve reconstruction surgeries.
  • To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) metrics among different surgical groups.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four rats underwent brachial plexus transection with three interventions: no repair, grafted nerve repair, or phrenic nerve transfer.
  • Resting-state fMRI (including ALFF, ReHo, and FC analysis) was performed seven months post-surgery.
  • Nerve regeneration was assessed via behavioral observation and electromyography.

Main Results:

  • Nerve repair and transfer decreased ALFF and ReHo in the left entorhinal cortex compared to injury alone.
  • Nerve transfer increased ALFF and ReHo in the left caudate putamen, right accumbens nucleus shell, and right somatosensory cortex versus nerve repair.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) changes were observed, with nerve repair showing increased FC in sensorimotor areas and nerve transfer demonstrating altered FC in widespread cortical and subcortical regions.

Conclusions:

  • The entorhinal cortex plays a vital role in limb function recovery post-nerve reconstruction.
  • Nerve transfer induces significant brain remodeling, particularly in contralateral sensorimotor areas, suggesting a directional shift in motor representation.