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Published on: September 25, 2014
Baseline Evaluation of Concussion-Like Symptoms and Modifying Factors in Collegiate Club-Sport Athletes
Ryan N Moran1, Russell Guin1, Melanie Louis1
1University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
Context:
Collegiate club-sport athletes participate in a variety of competitive sports and have been understudied in the concussion literature. Baseline performance measures are warranted to better understand assessment and management.
Objective:
To quantify normative values and the effects of modifying factors sex, concussion history, diagnosed attention disabilities (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), and sport type on baseline symptom evaluation among collegiate club-sport athletes.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Retrospective chart review.
Patients Or Other Participants:
A total of 1034 collegiate club-sport athletes (N = 649 males, 62.7%) from 29 sports at a single institution.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Chart reviews were conducted for club-sport athletes who completed athlete background and symptom information on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th edition as a baseline concussion assessment during a single academic year. Demographics (eg, age, sex, sport), background medical information (eg, concussion history, ADHD), and symptom evaluation, consisting of individual 22-item symptom reports, the total number of symptoms, symptom severity scores, and symptom factors (eg, physical, cognitive, insomnia, and emotional), were analyzed.
Results:
On baseline symptom reporting, 68% of club-sport athletes were asymptomatic, with mild symptoms described by 3% to 12% and moderate or severe symptoms by ≤4%. Modifier groups differed with a higher total number of symptoms and symptom severity in females (P < .001), individuals reporting a history of concussion (P < .001), and those with ADHD (total number P = .04, symptom severity P = .02). Similar significant findings were noted for females and the history of concussion group on all 4 symptom factors; however, those in collision or contact sports also indicated greater cognitive (P = .03) and insomnia (P = .02) factors. Those with ADHD endorsed more cognitive (P < .001) factors.
Conclusions:
Normative symptoms for a collegiate club-sport sample revealed approximately 70% were asymptomatic. Higher total number of symptoms and symptom severity were demonstrated by females and those with a history of concussion. Cognitive-specific symptoms were greater in those diagnosed with ADHD and those who participated in collision or contact sports.
