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LRRC15 mediates an accessory interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Jarrod Shilts1,2, Thomas W M Crozier3, Ana Teixeira-Silva3
1Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Plos Biology
|February 3, 2023
Summary
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds to human LRRC15, a novel interaction distinct from ACE2. This finding may explain unique COVID-19 features and offers new research avenues.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 by interacting with human host factors.
- The viral spike protein is crucial for infection, primarily binding to the ACE2 receptor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify additional human proteins that interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
- To characterize the novel interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and host factors.
Main Methods:
- Two independent cell-based systematic screens were conducted.
- Proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics were analyzed.
- Infection assays were performed.
Main Results:
- The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to LRRC15 in addition to ACE2.
- This interaction is specific to SARS-CoV-2 and distinct from other known mechanisms.
- LRRC15 is expressed in lung vasculature cells and fibroblasts and is upregulated by inflammation in COVID-19 patients.
- LRRC15 modulates, but does not solely permit, viral entry.
Conclusions:
- LRRC15 represents a novel interaction partner for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
- This interaction may contribute to the distinct characteristics of COVID-19.
- Further investigation is warranted to understand the role of LRRC15 in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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