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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

228
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
228

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Subcortical encoding of summary statistics in humans.

Yuqing Zhao1, Ting Zeng2, Tongyu Wang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.

Cognition
|February 3, 2023
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Subcortical brain structures automatically process summary statistics, even from invisible stimuli. This processing occurs when information is presented to the same eye, suggesting early visual pathway involvement.

Keywords:
Interocular suppressionMonocular channelsSubcortical structuresSummary statistics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Statistical encoding, such as calculating the mean, summarizes redundant information.
  • The automatic nature of statistical representation and its processing stage remain unclear.
  • The subcortex's role in processing summary statistics is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of subcortical structures in processing visual summary statistics.
  • To determine if suppressed, invisible stimuli contribute to statistical representations.
  • To explore the influence of stimulus presentation (monocular vs. dichoptic) on summary statistic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Presenting arrays of circles dichoptically and monocularly.
  • Utilizing interocular suppression to render some circles invisible.
  • Matching the number of perceived circles after binocular fusion.
  • Assessing the estimated mean size of circles under different presentation conditions.

Main Results:

  • Invisible circles, when presented to the same eye as visible ones, were automatically included in statistical representations.
  • This 'same-eye effect' persisted even for consciously perceived circles.
  • The estimated mean size was biased by monocularly transmitted information, supporting subcortical mediation.

Conclusions:

  • Subcortical structures play a crucial role in the automatic processing of visual summary statistics.
  • Early visual pathways, potentially subcortical, contribute to high-level cognitive processes like statistical representation.
  • The findings challenge the notion that summary statistics solely rely on high-level cortical processing.