The kidney-brain pathogenic axis in severe falciparum malaria

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Neurology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Severe falciparum malaria is a life-threatening condition with significant mortality and neurodisability.
• Acute kidney injury (AKI) and cerebral malaria are common, severe complications.
• Emerging evidence suggests a connection between kidney and brain dysfunction in malaria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on the interplay between kidney and brain dysfunction in severe falciparum malaria.
• To propose a hypothesis of pathogenic crosstalk between these organs.
• To discuss diagnostic challenges and explore novel therapeutic avenues.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on severe falciparum malaria complications.
• Synthesis of evidence linking kidney and brain involvement.
• Exploration of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Evidence supports distant organ involvement, specifically kidneys, in cerebral malaria development.
• Neurocognitive impairment post-recovery may be linked to initial organ damage.
• Current diagnostics for AKI and cerebral malaria in malaria are insufficient.

Conclusions:

• A pivotal pathogenic crosstalk between kidneys and brain is hypothesized in severe falciparum malaria.
• Addressing diagnostic gaps is crucial for timely intervention.
• Novel therapeutic strategies targeting this crosstalk are needed for improved patient outcomes.